What it is: Common Assault, Assault Occasioning Actual Bodily Harm, Grievous Bodily Harm, Affray, Wounding. These carry serious penalties, including jail.

Reflections on practice:

• Self-defence remains central where the facts support it; body-worn video helps but can also miss context.
• Courts expect clear, element-by-element submissions and early preservation of CCTV and messages.
• Therapeutic options (anger management, counselling) can be powerful when a plea is appropriate.

How we defend and resolve:

• Secure CCTV, phone data and witnesses fast.
• Prepare for firm, fair cross-examination of witnesses and simple, structured submissions.
• If pleading, present concrete steps taken to reduce risk and support leniency.